America’s design culture has shifted toward efforts to improve social and environmental conditions. Helping the disadvantaged entails risks of top-down power relationships and the ignorance of outsiders. To avoid this, designers in this issue have worked at small scales in collaboration with the people affected by their projects. The need for attention to the urban poor is increasing drastically with both relentless Third World urbanization and a lack of adequate land and housing for the one-billion additional slum dwellers projected to exist by 2020.
28: Can Designers Improve Life in Non-Formal Cities? S/S 2008

Table of Contents
Essays
Beyond the ADA
Border Crossings: Estudio Teddy Cruz
Can Good Design Advance Urban Development? On the Harvard Design Magazine Symposium “Can Design Improve Life in Cities? The Cases of Los Angeles, London, and Chicago”
Contemporary Ornament: The Return of the Symbolic Repressed
Designing Process: Flavio Janches and Max Rohm
Director Medvedow, PUT BACK THAT SCREEN!!!: ICA/Boston
Dirty Water: The Guarapiranga Water Reservoir, Parque Amelia, Watery Voids: MMBB
Equalizing Mobility: TransMilenio Bus System: Cictorutas and Ciclovia: Alameda El Porvenir; Usme: City of Bogotá
Evangelical Architecture: Megachurch Images
Instant Cities, Instant Architecture, and Incremental Metropolitanism
Interventions for the Socio-Urban Integration of the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro
It Takes Three: The “People,” Businessmen, and Government Officials. To Use Mexico City’s Left-Over Spaces for Social Inclusion
Kibera Public Space Project by Kounkuey Design Initiative: Co-Designing Productive Parks with the Poorest of Kibera, Kenya. GSD Graduates Help a Nairobi Community
Lake Ecologies: El Caracol: José Castillo, Architecture 911
Making History: The Favela Bairro Program and More
Peripatetic Invisibility, or, Not Enough Ado about Nothing: ICA/Boston
The Social Functions of NIMBYism
The Solution is Not Architectural: Housing Problems of the Poor in Tijuana
Urban Acupuncture: Urban Think Tank
Urban Connectors. Fostering the Integration of Formal and Informal Settlements
Urban Peripheries, Invention, and Citizenship
Reviews
Architecture or Techno-Utopia: Politics after Modernism by Felicity D. Scott
Bauhaus Culture: From Weimar to the Cold War by Kathleen James-Chakraborty
From a Cause to a Style: Modernist Architecture’s Encounter with the American City by Nathan Glazer
Recombinant Urbanism: Conceptual Modeling in Architecture, Urban Design, and City Theory by Grahame Shane
The Architecture of Happiness by Alain de Botton
The Culture of Building by Howard Davis
The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted Volume 7: Parks, Politics, and Patronage, 1874-1882 edited by Charles E. Beveridge, Carolyn F. Hoffman, and Kenneth Hawkins